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18 February 2013

Suprise conjunction with the Moon, Jupiter and HIP 21517


Conjunction with the Moon, Jupiter and HIP 21517
(Click on picture to enlarge and see the supergiant HIP 21517
Left bottom of the Moon)
This Sunday we had the conjunction between our Moon and Jupiter. Many people had good weather and some of us (including me) had cloud weather. You can find many pictures of the conjunction on Space weather.

Today I manage to see the Moon and Jupiter through the thin clouds. The conjunction was great,but as I crop the picture in editing I found a "bright" star near the Moon. So this picture shows a conjunction with the Moon, Jupiter and HIP 21517 (HD 29260).

HD 29260 or HIP 21517 is a white supergiant star in the constellation Taurus. It shines at an apparent visual magnitude of 6.49. It an intrinsic variable star that varies between magntitudes 6.49 and 6.83 over a period of 3.15 days.
Sky position: RA 4h 37.2m, Dec +18° 32.4'
Common designations: HIP 21517, HD 2926


White Supergiant HIP 21517 near the Moon.
prtScn @ Stellarium














Great to be outside and take shots of the night sky. Clear skies! 

15 February 2013

Meteorite hits central Russia, more than 500 people hurt


The trail of a falling object is seen above a residential
apartment block in the Urals city of Chelyabinsk,
in this still image taken from video shot on February 15, 2013.
Credit: Reuters/OOO Spetszakaz

(Reuters) - More than 500 people were injured when a meteorite shot across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Friday, sending fireballs crashing to Earth, shattering windows and damaging buildings.
People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion, saw a bright light and then felt a shockwave according to a Reuters correspondent in the industrial city 1,500 km (950 miles) east of Moscow.
A fireball blazed across the horizon, leaving a long white trail in its wake which could be seen as far as 200 km (125 miles) away in Yekaterinburg. Car alarms went off, windows shattered and mobile phone networks were interrupted.

"I was driving to work, it was quite dark, but it suddenly became as bright as if it was day," said Viktor Prokofiev, 36, a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains.
"I felt like I was blinded by headlights," he said.
No fatalities were reported but President Vladimir Putin, who was due to host Finance Ministry officials from the Group of 20 nations in Moscow, and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev were informed.

A local ministry official said such incidents were extremely rare and Friday's events might have been linked to an asteroid the size of an Olympic swimming pool due to pass Earth at a distance of 27,520 km (17,100 miles) but this was not confirmed.
Russia's space agency Roscosmos said the meteorite was travelling at a speed of 30 km (19 miles) per second and that such events were hard to predict. The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion had caused a sonic boom.
Russia's Emergencies Ministry said 514 people had sought medical help, mainly for light injuries caused by flying glass, and that 112 of those were kept in hospital. Search groups were set up to look for the remains of the meteorite.
"There have never been any cases of meteorites breaking up at such a low level over Russia before," said Yuri Burenko, head of the Chelyabinsk branch of the Emergencies Ministry.
WINDOWS BREAK, FRAMES BUCKLE
Windows were shattered on Chelyabinsk's central Lenin Street and some of the frames of shop fronts buckled.
A loud noise, resembling an explosion, rang out at around 9.20 a.m. (12:20 a.m. ET). The shockwave could be felt in apartment buildings in the industrial city's center.
"I was standing at a bus stop, seeing off my girlfriend," said Andrei, a local resident who did not give his second name. "Then there was a flash and I saw a trail of smoke across the sky and felt a shockwave that smashed windows."
A wall was damaged at the Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant but a spokeswoman said there was no environmental threat.

Video of meteor falling to Earth on Friday February 15, 2013 (Live Leak video)

Although such events are rare, a meteorite is thought to have devastated an area of more than 2,000 sq km (1,250 miles) in Siberia in 1908, smashing windows as far as 200 km (125 miles) from the point of impact.
The Emergencies Ministry described Friday's events as a "meteor shower in the form of fireballs" and said background radiation levels were normal. It urged residents not to panic.
Chelyabinsk city authorities urged people to stay indoors unless they needed to pick up their children from schools and kindergartens. They said what sounded like a blast had been heard at an altitude of 10,000 meters (32,800 feet).
The U.S. space agency NASA has said an asteroid known as 2012 DA14, about 46 meters in diameter, would have an encounter with Earth closer than any asteroid since scientists began routinely monitoring them about 15 years ago.
Television, weather and communications satellites fly about 500 miles higher. The moon is 14 times farther away.
(Additional reporting by Natalia Shurmina in Yekaterinburg and Gabriela Baczynska in Moscow, Writing by Alexei Anishchuk and Timothy Heritage, Editing by Michael Holden)

Source: http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/15/us-russia-meteorite-idUSBRE91E05Z20130215

11 February 2013

Near-Earth Asteroid brush past Earth in record close flyby on Feb. 15 2013


Asteroid 2012 DA14 Close flyby seen from Turku, Finland
Map of the sky and location of the Asteroid
Click on picture to see where is the Asteroid in your location
Asteroid 2012 DA 14 is a near-Earth Asteroid. This space rock is about 50 meters in diameter (160 ft) and an estimated mass of 180,000 metric tons.

The asteroid will pass 27,700 km (17,200 mi) from the surface of Earth. It's closest approach will be from the center-point of Earth only of 34,100 km. The 2013 passage of 2012 DA14 by Earth is a record close approach for a known object of this size.
The risk of a collision with Earth is none. Asteroid 2012 DA14 will not impact Earth.
This event gives professional and amateur astronomers a like a great chance to study this Asteroid. The chance to see how space rocks passes us real close.

Here in the South of Finland, we will be attempting to locate it and take a picture of it. We hope the weather will be on our side.
Good luck if you are chasing the Asteroid, please post some pictures and timelapses of the event.

Read a great post HERE of David Dickinson on Universe Today that tells you how to view the Asteroid.
On heavens Above you can find the Asteroid trajectory for your location HERE
Wikipedia link: Asteroid 2012 DA14

28 January 2013

Carnival of Space # 286 Light pollution special edition here @ LINKS THROUGH SPACE


(Images: International Dark-Sky Assocation. When the eastern power grid failed, from Ontario to New York City, in August 2003, it revealed something many city dwellers had never seen: from horizon to horizon, a sky full of stars. Then the power came back on.)
Welcome to Links Through Space, astronomy for everyone.
This is the blog of our Astronomy Club here in Kustavi, Finland
We write/post news about space related topics and we showcase our Astrophotos and Timelapses.
Our blog is a way for you to follow Space/Astronomy news and find new links through the Internet about Space and astronomy.
So here we have it, Ladies and Gentlemen!
Links Through Space is honored to declare the 286th Carnival of Space live from Kustavi Finland.
 OPEN!
This Carnival of space #286 includes a Light pollution special edition.
Links Through Space has an article on Light pollution. A view of light pollution in astronomy these days.
Please visit the links in the article on light pollution carefully and participate actively to the many programs and events.
Thank You!

Light Pollution. Do we have to be concerned?


Artificial lighting is one of the most dramatic effects of mankind on the face of the Earth (to understand the scale this timelapse taken on the ISS shows the human settlements on the face of the night-time Earth as eerie filaments dwarfing thunderstorms and comparable to auroras in size). Main concern with astronomical observations is the type of light pollution called “skyglow”, which happens when light from cities is scattered by the atmosphere and redirected towards a distant observer. But the problem and concept of light pollution is much more complex than just an irritation to skywatchers, it seriously affects the natural patterns of humans and animals around the world. (See for example Wikipedia article for more details). Also the amount of energy (and therefore money) wasted to inefficient lighting is tremendous. It is estimated that 1/3 of all the lighting in the USA is wasted, amounting to $2 Billion in electricity cost.

16 January 2013

Opening of Space Exhibition in Turku, Finland


Space Exhibition 2013 Turku, Finland
Space Exhibition opening @ LATTE cafe in Turku, Finland.
Lots of friends and family, good snacks and great show!

The exhibition has a main gallery room, an Ultra-violet room and an interactive room. The Main room is full of pictures from our astronomy trips and other events of the astronomy club. The UV room is filled with posters of space. The interactive room has a Moon-carpet where people can "stand on the Moon". Also on the wall you can draw the Universe with coal sticks. Also you find a radio with CD of sounds of Jupiter and the cosmos.

The Space Exhibition is up until February 15, 2013 @ LATTE cafe (Kristiinankatu 5) Turku, Finland. Here is the page Facebook for those interested in seeing more pictures and info of the event.




Opening of the Space Exhibition, Turku, Finland
Thank's to everyone who came to see us and support us. We surely appreciate it and looking forward to seeing the new members in our future astronomy club Toutatis events.

Preparing the Space exhibition (Go Essi!)


09 January 2013

Conclusion of Our Journey through Moroccan Astronomy


Mosaic of the Milky Way
in the Sahara desert, Morocco
As a new year begins we leave the amazing astronomy trip in the Sahara desert and Morocco and we wish fair well and hope to meet again.

Many thanks to all the wonderful people we met along this journey.
Thank you!

See Articles and posts of Trip to the Sahara desert, Morocco HERE

Happy New Year 2013 to all and everyone and clear skies!


Photo Credit: Stefan Lamoureux / Astronomy club Toutatis

04 January 2013

Links Through Space reaches 50 000 views. Thank you for your support!


Astronomy club Toutatis's
Links Through Space has reached 50 000 views.
Astronomy is growing all around the world and the people are interested.
Thank you for your support and be assured we will keep on taking pictures of the night sky and report astronomy related news.

For the future Our Astronomy Club here in Kustavi, Finland remains open for new projects and activities concerning Astronomy that is beneficial for all. Astronomy trips, Space exhibitions, public observations etc...
Thanks for your support!

03 January 2013

Omega Centauri Globular cluster (NGC 5139) Maroccan style!


Omega Centauri globular cluster /NGC 5139)
Credit: Stefan Lamoureux / Astronomy club Toutatis
Click on picture to enlarge
Omega Centauri or NGC 5139
Featured in this sharp telescopic image, globular star cluster Omega Centauri (NGC 5139) is some 15,000 light-years away. Some 150 light-years in diameter, the cluster is packed with about 10 million stars. 
Omega Centauri is the largest of 150 or so known globular clusters that roam the halo of our Milky Way galaxy. Though most star clusters consist of stars with the same age and composition, the enigmatic Omega Centauri exhibits the presence of different stellar populations with a spread of ages and chemical abundances. In fact, Omega Centauri may be the remnant core of a small galaxy merging with the Milky Way (Source).

Personal observation of Omega Centauri in the Sahara desert, Morocco
At location 30 degrees North and 5 degrees West, Omega Centauri rose at 8 degrees above the horizon  just before the Sunrise. In the desert, the conditions where ideal. Transparency 7/10 (Sand particules and Sunrise), Seeing 9/10, temperature: +6C. I used a Meade 400mm / 2000 mm with focus reducer of 6.3 and a Canon 550D at prime focus. First I look at it through an eyepiece of 32mm and saw it very nicely and detailed. Then took the camera and started to make practice shots to center it and focus it well. As my window of opportunity was closing, I shot away a series of photos. Every now and then (I mean every 2 minutes) I check to see if the focus was ok and if the telescope was still following the object adequately. I manage to get a few pictures including the one you see at the top. I was very pleased with this session, and what a feeling to be outside by my own and listening to the camera snapping photos and looking to the horizon and imagining my self inside Omega Centauri and visualizing the night sky bright and full of stars. It was fantastic!

Northern hemisphere watchers don't give up! Canadians set example.
Omega Centauri is essentially a Southern hemisphere Globular cluster, but Northern sky watchers down of 42 degrees have the opportunity to have a look at this superb object in the night sky. Here is a fabulous article of Canadian observers who has had a glimps at Omega Centauri. Please read the article HERE

Core of the globular cluster Omega Centauri
Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
Core of Omega Centauri (NGC 5139)
Colorful Stars Galore in the Gigantic Star Cluster Omega Centauri.
The Hubble Space Telescope snapped this panoramic view of a colorful assortment of 100,000 stars residing in the crowded core of a giant star cluster. This is one of the first images taken by the new Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), installed aboard Hubble in May 2009, during Servicing Mission 4.
The image reveals a small region inside the massive globular cluster Omega Centauri, which boasts nearly 10 million stars. Globular clusters, ancient swarms of stars united by gravity, are the homesteaders of our Milky Way Galaxy. The stars in Omega Centauri are between 10 billion and 12 billion years old.
The story of stellar evolution is depicted by the wide variety of star colors and sizes within this image of the globular cluster. Most of the stars in this snapshot are yellow white, like our Sun. They are adult stars that are shining by hydrogen fusion. The bright orange, red, and blue stars represent the final, flashy stages of life for Sun-like stars. All of the stars in the image are cozy neighbors.
The average distance between any two stars in the cluster’s crowded core is roughly 13 times closer than our Sun’s nearest stellar neighbor, Alpha Centauri. Although the stars are close together, WFC3 can resolve each of them as individual stars. If anyone lived in this globular cluster, they would behold a star-saturated sky that is roughly 100 times brighter than Earth’s sky.
Omega Centauri is among the biggest and most massive of some 150 globular clusters orbiting within the Milky Way. It is one of the few globular clusters that can be seen with the unaided eye. The cluster resembles a small cloud in the southern sky and might easily be mistaken for a comet (Source).



See Globular cluster in wikipedia HERE
Fred Espenack Astropixels picture of Omega Centauri HERE
Omega Centauri on wikipedia HERE
Coordinates of Omega Centauri wikisky.org

Conclusion 7/7 of astronomy trip to Morocco. Hope you have enjoyed! Goodbye.

31 December 2012

Sahara Sky Hotel Observatory, Sahara desert, Morocco


The Sahara Sky Hotel, Sahara desert, Morocco
Credit: Stefan Lamoureux / Astronomy club Toutatis
 December, Sahara desert, Morocco

For all of you who are serious stargazers, amateur astronomers or even professionals in the space domain, The Sahara Sky hotel is the place to be.

This fabulous Hotel situated in the middle of the desert with nothing around it except for a couple of local tent settlements and a big dune, is completely isolated from the world. This Moroccan style "fortress" called Kasbah is a very inviting building. The high sealings and the large rooms (dinner room, bar and study) are majestic and you feel in a royal palace type of rooms. On the second floor you find cozy rooms with terraces on a breath taking panorama view of the Sahara desert landscape.

We arrived at night and the night sky just blew out our minds. But the next morning when I opened the balcony doors, It stroke me silly the view out into nothing, only sand and table top mountains (highlands) and sand and more nothingness. I really had to look a couple of time outside to believe where i was. Just crazy!

This hotel in the middle of the desert is not only a hotel, it is also the first private observatory of North-Africa. On the hotel roof terrace, many high end telescopes are at the disposition of clients if they wish so. Great quality telescopes and fair accessories with GOTO technology to enhance the experience.

Fritz Gerd Köring
Sahara Sky hotel, Morocco
To top it all out, the owner and founder of the Sahara sky observatory and Sahara Sky hotel is a true astronomer and friendly man named Fritz Gerd Köring. You are curious about astronomy? You want a great mentor to teach and show you the ropes in a class 1 environment of night sky observations, he is your man!
This man is incredible, the knowledge he has on astronomy and the vibrant way he tell it is just contagious. He bursts with energy when he speaks about astronomy, you immediately feel it. His passion straight away robes on you.

Mr Köring as he mentioned is a nomad by nature. At a young age he started to travel and see the world. He worked all over the planet in the animal health industry . As his nomadic nature took over he moved on and travel the world to America to make his fortune. Like he says it is not the money that is important, it is what you want to do with it. He built his Observatory and that  is more than all the money he could have, says Mr. Köring.

Now retired Mr. Köring lives with his wife half of the year in Casablanca and the rest of the year in his fortress of solitude in the Sahara desert. He still has many projects he wants to work on, and by the looks of it, he will stop at nothing to achieve his goals. Thank you very much for your hospitality Fritz! Your place is simply magical. An amateur astronomer like me dream come true!

Please visit the Hotel website HERE.
Please visit Sahara Sky Observatory (first private Observatory in North-Africa) HERE
Continue reading post 6 of 7 on trip to Morocco HERE

28 December 2012

Morocco: Astronomy trip in photos



Impressive Startrail over cupola in the Sahara desert
Credit: Stefan Lamoureux / Astronomy club Toutatis
Click on picture to enlarge
December 2012, Sahara desert, Morocco

For the 2 year anniversary of our astronomy club Toutatis, we flew to Morocco to catch a glimpse of the Moroccan astronomy and the beautiful night sky of the Sahara desert.

Omega Centauri globular cluster or NGC 5139
Credit: Stefan lamoureux / Astronomy club Toutatis
Click on picture to enlarge
We traveled first to Marrakesh where we met with Ali from the 3AM astronomy club of Marrakesh and the fabulous Observatory and cultural center of Marrakesh (Read previous article on Marrakesh observatory). Next step, we crossed the mighty Atlas mountain range over to the Sahara desert. There we hang out at this awesome hotel in the middle of the desert to enjoy the Geminid meteor shower and other wonders of the night sky. we manage to shot many things during our trip and here are the pictures we captured.
Please have a look at our pictures on our astronomy club's Flickr gallery HERE
Representation of the Solar system with rocks
of the Sahara desert  Cerdit: Stefan Lamoureux
Click on picture to enlarge

Settlement in the Draa valley, Morocco
Credit: Stefan Lamoureux / Astronomy club Toutatis
Click on picture to enlarge





Small village in Atlas mountains
Credit: Stefan Lamoureux
Click on picture to enlarge
Please have a look @ our pictures of the trip HERE

Read post 5/7 on trip to Astronomy Morocco HERE 

27 December 2012

Morocco: ASTEROID 4179 TOUTATIS REDUX


December 2012, Sahara desert, Morocco

Our Astronomy club Toutatis visited Morocco and the Sahara desert. We wanted to celebrate our 2 years anniversary of the club in a warm place, where we could have great skies.

As you may have noticed, our club is named after the Asteroid 4179 Toutatis      ( Read On the search for asteroid Toutatis and the origin of our astronomy club's name).
We wanted to catch the asteroid for ourselves and see first hand what kind of object the asteroid was. It was very exciting to search for 4179 Toutatis.
We had at our disposition a 400mm Meade telescope GOTO and the coordinates for the asteroid. But never the less, when we entered the coordinates and centered the asteroid in the eyepiece, we only saw light dots and it was very hard to tell what was a star and what was the asteroid (fast moving object). We then set the camera as the eyepiece and took short (30 sec. to 2 minutes) exposure to see if something would stick out as a longer "line". Believe me, at first there was nothing different on the camera screen. As we checked and rechecked the coordinates of the asteroid, we took an other series of short exposures to see if we got it this time. 

Asteroid 4179 Toutatis reveals itself
At our great surprise, we saw a line stand out on the camera screen and that is where I shouted: "We got it!!!" After 23 years of hearing about Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, i finally got to see it with my own eyes, well with the camera eyes. It was an exciting moment!  After many short exposures to set the focus right and to center the asteroid, I manage to take 60+ shots of it and make an animation of 4179 Toutatis as it hurdles through space.

You can see on the animation on the upper left, the asteroid is tumbling through space. We have in this animation 60 frames with an exposure of 30 seconds each for a total of 30 minutes of tumbling asteroid. If you look closely the "lines" should be of equal lengths, but you notice that they are not. This is due to the rotating asteroid in it's path. Very exciting!

Asteroid 4179 Toutatis is by far the most challenging and the most rewarding object that I found in the night sky. Even with the coordinates, a good telescope and support while looking for it, it was still very exciting to search for Asteroid 4179 Toutatis.
Thanks to every one present during the session, here we have it: Asteroid 4179 Toutatis ladies and gentelman! Wouhhouu! :D

Please visit wikipedia Asteroid 4179 Toutatis HERE
Please see article on close up gif animation of rotating asteroid 4179 Toutatis HERE
Please read article and see photos of asteroid Toutatis by Nancy Atkinson on Universe Today HERE 

Read 4/7 posts on club's astronomy trip to Morocco. HERE

26 December 2012

Morocco: Geminids revisited in the Sahara desert


Geminids meteor shower 2012
December 2012, The Sahara desert, Morocco

Our Astronomy club Toutatis visited Morocco for the Geminid meteor shower of 2012. Our trip continued through the Sahara desert in Morocco.
The Geminids in the Sahara desert where stunning. I counted as much as 2 meteors per seconds at the peak on December 13, 2012. This means the average peak would have been more then 7000 meteors a hour. It was incredible! After discussing the rate of meteors with my partner, we agreed that it was more 4 meteor per minute making the average peak to 240 a hour. There where big green "flash" meteors, rapid slime ones, slow long bright ones, short split second lines and explosive-core-breaking shooting stars all in one, a real light show.
The group of people watching the meteor shower with us where having a blast and where cheering every moment. Many times, the meteors where falling in our backs and the people in front of us where shouting "look behind you!" but it was too late.
The blackness of the Sahara desert night sky was the best place to enjoy the meteor shower.  Never seen as much meteors as in the Sahara desert.
I manage to catch one on the image on the left. I was surprise that i didn't catch more of them on camera, the camera was pointed to the north star (Polaris) for a circular startrail over the cupola of the hotel. I took over 400 pictures and only one meteor manage to be caught. An incredible experience at a mild temperature considering we come from Finland.

Read More on club's astronomy trip to Morocco HERE

25 December 2012

Morocco: Astronomy Club Toutatis visit Morocco


December 2012, Marrakesh, Morocco.

For the 2 years anniversary of the foundation of our astronomy club Toutatis we flew to Morocco. Our plans where to visit the Observatory and cultural center of Marrakesh and the only private observatory of north Africa, the Sahara sky hotel in the Sahara desert.

We flew into Marrakesh where we met Mr. Mohamed Ali Hafili. Ali as he called him self is a member of the Astronomy club 3AM of Marrakesh founded in 1999 by Mr. Zouhair Benkhaldoun, professor of astrophysics and director of the Observatory Universitaire Cady Ayyad "OUCA" of Oukaimeden. We where curious about the astronomy there and wanted to see what kind of events and observations the Marroqui astronomers where doing.

As Ali invited us to visit the Observatory and cultural center of Marrakesh, he explained us the concept behind this fabulous center of knowledge that it's owner Mr. Omar Hila should be very proud of. The Observatory and cultural center of Marrakesh, led by director Phillippe Baracco is a place to see art galleries, exhibitions on fossils and rocks found in Morocco (space rocks too) and astronomy observations and events. Also the center can be adapted to all kinds of events from music concerts to alternative art galleries and more. The conference room is a delight and the telescope found on the roof terrace is sublime.
The 600mm Richtey Chrétien telescope (the Valmeca T600) is fully remote controlled and is very user friendly. Attached to the telescope is a CCD camera where Ali can take pictures of the night sky and do some serious astronomy. But as Ali says, the hours he puts on organising events and observations in the astronomy club 3AM and the public showings at the cultural center shortens his time for astrophotography and science data gathering.
He almost admit that working a full time job in astronomy with the public is taking all his time and he finds it hard to dedicate his efforts on his passion of astronomy. Never the less, Ali had a way to explain to us the universe of astronomy in Morocco and inspire us with his contagious passion for space and astronomy.

Conference room @ Observatory and cultural center of Marrakesh
The Observatory and cultural center is open to the public on observation nights and offers great opportunities to see and try out the telescope says Ali Hafili. The main purpose of these observation nights is to give the public a taste of a large telescope and see wonderful things in the night sky. For the astronomy club 3AM, Ali is continuing on organising great events and observation nights with it's members. Thank you so much Ali for your hospitality and hope we can organise joint events with us here in Finland to you in Morocco.

Please visit 3AM astronomy club Marrakesh on their facebook page HERE
Please visit Observatory and cultural center of Marrakesh homepage HERE
Please see the specs of the Valmeca T600 HERE 
First picture caption: From left to right: Uolevi Leppäkoski, Mohamed Ali Hafili and Me with the T600 telescope @ the Observatory.

Continue to read on club's Moroccan astronomy trip HERE

21 December 2012

It's the end of the world as we know it!


Mayan Calendar ends on 21.12.2012
So here we are, this year the winter solstice brings us mayhem and discomfort. The end of the world is knocking at our door!
The Mayan calendar is coming to an end and the frenzy on the internet and in books are just overwhelming.

The winter solstice is some kind of "passage" to the other side as well. The winter solstice occurs on the shortest day and longest night of the year, when the sun's daily maximum elevation in the sky is the lowest. Since the winter solstice lasts only a moment in time, other terms are often used for the day on which it occurs, such as "midwinter", "the longest night", "the shortest day" or "the first day of winter". The seasonal significance of the winter solstice is in the reversal of the gradual lengthening of nights and shortening of days.

Worldwide, interpretation of the event has varied from culture to culture, but most Northern Hemisphere cultures have held a recognition of rebirth, involving holidays, festivals, gatherings, rituals or other celebrations around that time.

Direct observation of the solstice by amateurs is difficult because the sun moves too slowly at either solstice to determine its specific day, let alone its instant. Knowledge of when the event occurs has only recently been facilitated to near its instant according to precise astronomical data tracking.
It is not possible to detect the actual instant of the solstice (by definition, one can not observe that an object has stopped moving until one makes a second observation in time showing that it has not moved further from the preceding spot, or that it has moved in the opposite direction). Further, to be precise to a single day one must be able to observe a change in azimuth or elevation less than or equal to about 1/60 of the angular diameter of the sun.
Observing that it occurred within a two day period is easier, requiring an observation precision of only about 1/16 of the angular diameter of the sun. Thus, many observations are of the day of the solstice rather than the instant. This is often done by watching the sunrise and sunset or vice versa or using an astronomically aligned instrument that allows a ray of light to cast on a certain point around that time.
Source: Wikipedia

10 December 2012

On the search for asteroid Toutatis and the origin of our astronomy club's name


Asteroid 1749 Toutaits AC
Credit: Goldstone radar image 1996
4179 Toutatis was first sighted on February 10, 1934, as object 1934 CT, and then promptly lost. It remained a lost asteroid for several decades until it was recovered on January 4, 1989, by Christian Pollas, and was named after the Celtic god Toutatis/Teutates.

The next close approach will be December 12, 2012, at a distance of 0.046 AU (6,900,000 km) and at magnitude 10.7. At magnitude 10.7, the asteroid will not be visible to the naked eye, but may be visible to experienced observers using high-end binoculars and telescope.

As you may have noticed by now (referring to our blog header) our Astronomy Club here in Finland is name after Asteroid 1749 Toutatis/1989AC. As a kid the news of a new found asteroid harbinger of death and destroyer of the world a.k.a Asteroid Toutatis was a kick start for me in Astronomy.

In 2010, we formed our astronomy club and had 2 names proposed for it . The first one was "Event horizon" which is in Finnish "Tapahtumahorisontti". It was a nice though but hard to pronounce. The second was Kustar for the location of the club in Kustavi, Finland, but as we slept on it for a couple of nights, one morning i woke up screaming "By Toutatis!" i got it!
All the memories of the old newspaper space-articles I collected on my wall (incluing the one with asteroid Toutatis) came back to me. I just knew it was right. Felt appropriate and it reflected well my relation with Astronomy. The vote passed in favor of my enthusiasm and the name stuck.
Now for the second anniversary of the club, we are travelling to Morocco to look for asteroid Toutatis in the Sahara desert. See you all when we come back!

08 December 2012

Closest approach of asteroid Toutatis on December 12. 2012

http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/images/4179_toutatis.gif
Animation of Asteroid 4179 Toutatis flying by the Earth
between 10:55 and 11:05 UT on September 28, 2004.
Animation courtesy of Scott Sinclair from Automated Patrol
Telescopes Australia. Images taken with a Meade LX200 10" at F/4.5
and consists of 50 x 8 second exposures (15 second separation).
Field of view is FOV 14 x 21 arc minutes.
Toutatis, a potato-shaped asteroid about 4.6 km in its longest extent, will pass within 7,000,000 km of the Earth's center on Wednesday, December 12, 2012. This is roughly 18 times the distance from the Earth to the moon. Toutatis will not pass this closely again for the next 500 years. Because of an extensive set of optical and radar observations, the orbit for Toutatis is one of the best determined of any asteroid and there is no chance that this object will collide with the Earth during this encounter - or any other encounter for at least 5 centuries.
With the help of Toutatis radar observations, a shape and rotation model for this object has been developed. Details on this work by Steve Ostro, R. Scott Hudson and colleagues can be found at:
http://www.eecs.wsu.edu/~hudson/Research/Asteroids/4179/

This particular close approach by Toutatis is extra-special, because Chang'E 2 (China's erstwhile lunar orbiter) is on its way to a flyby, with a close approach on December 13. According to radio astronomer Michael Busch, Chang'E 2 will fly within a few hundred kilometers of Toutatis.
Chang'E 2 produced beautiful photos of the Moon, but it will be a major challenge for it to obtain photos of Toutatis. Chang'E 2's camera, like most mapping cameras on orbiting spacecraft, is a pushbroom-style imager that is designed to take advantage of the spacecraft's predictable, steady orbital speed to sweep an array of pixels along the ground, with the ground a fixed and predictable distance away from the spacecraft. This asteroid encounter bears no resemblance to an orbital mapping mission. Chang'E 2 will be passing Toutatis at a high relative velocity of 11 kilometers per second, which means that the distance to the target will be changing very rapidly. In order for Chang'E 2 to get a photo, it will have to very carefully aim its narrow-angle imager in the correct direction and slew the spacecraft in order to scan the linear camera detector across the asteroid and therefore acquire an image. It's a process that I described when I posted some Mars Express images of Phobos last year.
It helps that the orbit of Toutatis is extremely precisely known (thanks to all those previous radar observations), but still, it will not be easy for Chang'E 2 to succeed. If it does succeed, it will obtain at most two images, one on approach and one on departure, with resolutions of a few tens of meters. This isn't any better than the radar resolution, but images would identify albedo patterns and could help disambiguate radar-derived models of Toutatis' shape. This is an extremely challenging thing for China to attempt, especially given that this is their first deep-space encounter. They only recently brought online a radio telescope of the kind you need to perform the necessary deep-space communication and spacecraft tracking and navigation.

For you people having telescopes, this asteroid is a very challenging object to observe. You will find a good ephemeris chart to get the coordinates of the asteroid for many days HERE. For those who does not have the equipement necessary to observe this asteroid Paul Cox of slooh.com will be broadcasting live images of Toutatis in a couple of free public shows on the night of the 11th/12th Dec.
Cox will be setting up three of the slooh.com robotic telescopes to track the asteroid, including the Half Metre telescope. Details and timings of the shows are on the Slooh homepage.

The observatory is in the Canary Islands which is 4-7hrs ahead of USA time so the shows are at an ideal time for those who can't stay up late on a working day. We'll also broadcast a late show at the time of closest approach (2012-12-12T06:40UTC) with live images from Arizona, together with some popular objects using the Half Metre telescope at the Canary Islands Observatory.

Source:
http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news144.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4179_Toutatis
http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Toutatis;orb=1
http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?CGISESSID=5a08d81c65c4bf686ff13c0fc9b95490#results
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2012/12061004-toutatis-preview.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e_2
http://www.slooh.com/slooh-home.php

Asteroid Meteor Shower, The Geminids hits again in December



Where to look for the Geminids NE
Look at the Geminids meteor shower peak between 12-15.12.2012
I read this great post of Andrew Cooper
at A Darker View blog about the Geminids.
Mr. Andrew Cooper is based in Hawai'i and for several years have lived and worked at the W. M. Keck Observatory. 

First observed over 150 years ago this is a interesting meteor shower. The parent body for the Geminids is not a comet as with most showers, but rather the asteroid 3200 Phaethon. It is somewhat of a mystery how this mostly rocky body gives rise to the debris stream needed to generate a meteor shower. The asteroid does orbit well inside the orbit of Mercury every four years, where intense solar heating may heat trapped ice and liberate loose material from the surface.

07 December 2012

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01 December 2012

Send us a SPACE POSTCARD, we will send you one in return.


Space postcard #001
Have a Spacey holidays and a happy astronomical year to everyone!

For the month of December on blog LINKS THROUGH SPACE, send a SPACE-POSTCARD to Astronomy Club Toutatis in Finland. Send us your space-postcard from your part of the world, we will send you one back in return. A friendly gesture for the holidays and a fun way to greet fellow astronomers. You will find our address bellow.
Astronomy Club Toutatis 
23360, Kustavi, FINLAND

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Spacey holidays and a happy astronomical year for everyone! Waiting to hear from you!

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